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Kumar Sinha, Rabindra
- The prediction of caving sequence in bord and pillar workings using Random Forest algorithm
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, IN
2 National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Bangalore, Karnataka 560070, IN
3 Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 831012, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, IN
2 National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Bangalore, Karnataka 560070, IN
3 Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 831012, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 70, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 51-59Abstract
Depillaring of coal seams is of prime importance for coal mining industry in view of depleting superior quality coal reserve and increasing import of foreign coal. Depillaring in conjunction with caving is the most hazardous operation due to sudden roof fall. Some researchers have focused their work on roof fall risk assessment using statistical methods with a view to safety of men and machinery and to minimize accidents, down time and loss of production. Extensive research has not been done to predict roof caving sequence which is the basic requirement for successful caving operation for achieving production with zero harm potential. Roof caving is the result of interactions of all geotechnical and mining parameters including extraction area which is its main cause and contributory parameter. In this research, Random Forest, a supervised ensemble machine learning algorithm along with grid search and cross-validation is used to process the interactions among various parameters and to predict the sequential occurrence of roof caving and characterize the same as local or main fall with considerable and reliable accuracy.Keywords
Depillaring with caving, grid search, feature selection, local fall, machine learning, main fall, random forest, roof fall risk.
References
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- Chase F., Mark C and Heasley K. (2002): Deep cover pillar extraction in the U.S. Coalfields. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Ground Control in Mining. Morgantown, West Virginia University, USA; 2002, 69-80.
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- Ghasemi E., Ataei M., Shahriar K., Sereshki F and Esmaeil S. (2012): Assessment of roof fall risk during retreat mining in room and pillar coal mines. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 54, 80–89. https:/ /doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms. 2012.05.025
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- Mandal P., Singh R., Singh A., Kumar R. and Sinha A (2006): State of art vis-a-vis Indian scenario of application of continuous miner based mass production technology. Journal of Mines Metals and Fuels, 2006, 54(12), 332–336.
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- Singh R., Mandal P.K., Singh A.K., Kumar R and Sinha A. (2011): Coal pillar extraction at deep cover/ : With special reference to Indian coalfields Bay of Bengal. Int. J. of Coal Geology, 2011, 86 (2–3), 276–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.coal. 2011.03.003
- Singh R., Mandal P., Singh A., Kumar A and Sinha A. (2008): Optimal underground extraction of coal at shallow cover beneath surface/subsurface objects: Indian practices. Int J Rock Mech Rock Eng. 2008, 41(3), 421– 444.
- Singh R., Singh A.K., Maiti J., Mandal P. K., Singh R. and Kumar R.(2011): An observational approach for assessment of dynamic loading during underground coal pillar extraction. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 48(5), 794–804. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.04.003
- Amelioration of production and safety in bord and pillar work through the deployment of continuous miner technology
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 626004, IN
2 Eastern Coalfield Limited, Coal India Limited, Sec-V, Rajarhat, Kolkata, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 626004, IN
2 Eastern Coalfield Limited, Coal India Limited, Sec-V, Rajarhat, Kolkata, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 70, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 64-74Abstract
The nation’s standard of living depends on its quantum of production and use of natural resources, including coal. Coal plays a major role in the development of a country like India. India has great potential of producing coal economically. Unfortunately, even after the nationalisation of 50 years of major Indian coal mines, we still have lower productivity than other coal-producing countries. The Indian mining industry has improved productivity in the opencast sector, but unfortunately, the industry still has to improve productivity in the underground sector. The underground coal is more free from any dirt, which is more acceptable for the user. If the underground productivity of the Indian coal industry is seen, it is the lowest compared to the countries producing coal. Initially, the industry thought of using the longwall technology but could not succeed of its limitations. For the last 20 years, the underground coal mines have been experiencing continuous miner who is not very expensive (as in the case of Longwall), not requiring the major restructuring of the old structures, having good productivity and more safety in operation. This paper deals with continuous miners and their success in the bord and pillar method.Keywords
Underground coal mine; depillaring; numerical modelling; continuous miner; strata monitoring; instrumentation.References
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- Mangal A. (2021): Strata Stability Investigation and Convergence Monitoring (SSICM) in Thick-Seam Depillaring with Caving by Cable Bolting Method. Mining, Metall Explor. 38(2):927-944. doi:10.1007/ s42461-020-00371-x
- Mark C, Zelanko JC. Sizing of final stumps for safer pillar extraction. 2001:1-8.
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- Artificial Intelligence Model for Prediction of Local and Main FALL in caving Panel of Bord and Pillar Method of Mining
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad – 826004, Jharkhand, IN
2 National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Bangalore – 560070, Karnataka, IN
3 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna – 801507, Bihar, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad – 826004, Jharkhand, IN
2 National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Bangalore – 560070, Karnataka, IN
3 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna – 801507, Bihar, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 70, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 171-181Abstract
Depillaring with caving method of mining is a common practice in Indian coalfields and so is the occurrence of fall in goaf area, which can be considered as a boon in disguise as it allows wining of coal from large reserves but this becomes a curse just because of its unpredicted occurrence. Various empirical and statistical models are developed after idealization of several complicated mechanisms but they are not able to predict roof fall accurately especially in caving panels. Therefore, a new approach based on Artificial Intelligence is used to predict the sequence of local and main fall in caving panel taking into account a host of geotechnical and mining parameters of the mine. Mathematical equations and hidden calculations of artificial neural networks are known to have the capability of learning and analyzing records endlessly. Two different models have been deployed after optimal hyper parameter optimization to predict the occurrence of fall and to characterize the nature of fall (local or main) with considerable and reliable accuracy.Keywords
Bord and Pillar, Caving, Deep Learning Algorithm, Deep Neural Network, Hyper Parameter Optimization, Local Fall, Main Fall, TalosReferences
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- A Numerical Modelling Approach to Find the Stability of RIB and Snook in Mechanised Depillaring Panel — A Case Study of Kurja Mine
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad – 626004, Jharkhand, IN
2 Eastern Coalfield Limited, Coal India Limited, Sec. V, Rajarhat, Kolkata, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad – 626004, Jharkhand, IN
2 Eastern Coalfield Limited, Coal India Limited, Sec. V, Rajarhat, Kolkata, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 70, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 191-202Abstract
Depillaring by conventional techniques created many irregular shaped pillars, mainly located at shallow depths in different coalfields of India. Continuous Miner Technology (CMT) has been introduced to extract these coal pillars scientifically with safety and productivity with greater depth. Leaving a proper sized rib or snook is a legal requirement as it decides the efficiency and safety of the pillar. However, CMT of square/rectangular shaped pillars created irregular shaped rib and snook. With the conventional empirical formula it is difficult to estimate the strength of such ribs or snooks. These ribs or snooks should be of sufficient size to protect the adjacent slicing operation and junction as well as they should fail in a controlled manner when machines shift inside the extraction. Field studies of different mines found several factors affecting the design of rib or snook. They are various types of induced stress, geological disturbances, manner of extraction etc. Proper assessment of the performance of different sizes and shapes of ribs and snooks in the field is complex due to the problematic underground mining environment for depillaring. For successful operation of the CMT required to study every depending parameter scientifically. Therefore, a numerical model is conducted to estimate the factor of safety of rib and snook to calculate the rib and snook stability. Results of field and simulation studies are presented and discussed in this paper to determine the rib’s stability in the continuous miner panel to create a safe environment for the men and machinesKeywords
Coal Mining, Continuous Miner, Numerical Modelling, Rock Mechanics, Rib and SnookReferences
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad - 826004, India;, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad - 826004, India;, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 70, No 10 (2022), Pagination: 528 - 536Abstract
Seams amenable to opencast mining is on the verge of exhaustion globally and to meet the future demand of coal, underground mining method is the only viable technique left. In India, also quite a large number of coal seams have been extensively developed and standing on pillars for a long time. Extraction of these standing pillars with reasonable safety has been a challenge to mining engineers for most of reasons. Presently, depillaring in Indian mines is mostly carried out through cyclic unit operations involving drilling, blasting, loading with either a Side Discharge Loader (SDL) or a Load Haul Dumper (LHD), transport and hauling. Fully mechanized depillaring panels are limited in number. Mechanized depillaring using continuous miner and shuttle car is being used in a few mines in India with a view to achieving bulk production and high productivity. Still we are far behind with our Output per Man Shift (OMS), to a tune of 2.01 compared to the global OMS of 12 tonnes per man-shift in depillaring districts. Different strata, along with hostile geo-mining factors, are considered to be this prime case of low productivity. This paper seeks to highlight the existing depillaring practices in India and other major coal-producing countries namely USA, Australia and South Africa. The authors also present a case study on conventional depillaring practice in the Indian context and a few methods being practiced in major coal-producing countries.Keywords
Bord and Pillar, Coal Pillar, Depillaring, Underground MiningReferences
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